Achieve an Ultra High Vacuum is not something real easy, you would seriously consider to talk to a specialist in this field, they are a perfect solution for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Gravitational wave detectors, Thermal desorption spectroscopy, Particle accelerators, Scanning tunneling microscopy, etc…
Of course in a ultra high vacuum you can’t use only one pump, but you will need a series of various vacuum pumps.
The vacuum pumps most used to reach UHV include the Cryopumps, the Ion pumps, the Turbomolecular pumps, the NEG pumps and the Titanium sublimation pumps.

Most of the time, when you search a UVC with the characteristic that you need, you won’t find it! I know it can sound crazy but everyone have its own needing and of course the manufacturers can’t build thousands of different vacuum chambers and ultra high vacuum without being sure they gonna sell them, so they just build vacuum with standard measures (and when I say vacuum I mean also thermal vacuum, vacuum pumps, etc..).
However a solution to this problem is available just right here: Custom Chambers!
Nowadays infact is possible to order a UHV that suit us best with the characteristic we want and we need. Of course I recommend you to always look around first, expecially online, because a custom chambers is yes a good idea but sometimes it can reveal expensive; thank God there are the “Free Quote” modules in almost every manufacturers website (and in this case I suggest you to ask a free quote to at least 4-5 different manufacturers).
As far as I know, some of the best UHV are produced by Huntington Mechanical Laboratories, an American based company.

As “flight” started growing early in the 1900s, aeronautical researchers started setting up engines in vacuum test chambers to reproduce higher altitudes.
As the country commenced to send spacecrafts into space, the necessity of test chambers able to produce a higher level of vacuum was evident.
The Space Power Chamber No. 1 (SPC) was one of the firsts large vacuum chambers that appeared early in the 1960s. The largest vacuum chamber in the world is the Space Power Facility at NASA’s Plum Brook Station, which began operation in 1969.

Here is the “Vacuum Chamber Development Timeline”:

1917: First test in altitude chamber at the Bureau of Standards for the NACA; High-altitude test bench at Zeppelin Aircraft Works plant in Friedrichshafen
1918: U.S. School of Aviation Medicine altitude tank
1933: National Bureau of Standards tests appliances in a high-altitude chamber
1938: MIT Wright Brothers Wind Tunnel simulates altitude
1944: AWT begins operation at NACA Lewis
1947: Four Burner altitude test stands built at NACA Lewis
1952: Propulsion Systems Laboratory with two altitude test cells for engines
1959: Interior of AWT gutted to form high-altitude chamber
1960: McDonnell space environment chamber built for Mercury
1961: Electric Propulsion Laboratory vacuum tanks built at NASA Lewis Republic Aviation Space Simulation Facility
1962: SPC No. 1 vacuum chamber built inside AWT; Goddard Space Environment Simulator; Lockheed’s High Vacuum Orbital Simulator; Bendix Corporation’s Space Simulation Chamber; General Electric Space Environment Simulator; 25-Foot Space Environment Facility at Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1963: Mark I Aerospace Simulator at Arnold Engine Development Center
1965: Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at Johnson Space Center
1969: Space Propulsion Facility at Plum Brook tests rocket engines in vacuum; Space Power Facility at Plum Brook is world’s largest vacuum chamber

For further references visit the official Nasa Student website.

Water has been used for centuries to draw out heat from a source that is desired to be cooler. This is often done by running the water directly over the object or source. The heat energy is transferred from the source into the water. If the source is hot enough, it can cause the water to evaporate into steam. If the water is not evaporated, it can be cooled and used again.

In the case of vacuum chambers, high heat can certainly be a problem if it is not handled properly. If you are running a high heat operation, it may be best if you use a chamber which utilizes a ‘cold wall’. This can be achieved by using a chamber with double walls, in between the walls there would be a channel through which cooling water would run.

If you are performing actions which result in a lower heat, but you would still rather keep it under control, you can use what is called a water trace. A water trace is simply a channel welded to the external chamber surface. Often times this water trace only covers a small portion of the surface of the chamber. But they are often placed according to the highest points of heat output. Therefore, the pattern of the water trace can be such that maximum cooling efficiency is achieved.

Water vacuum chambers should also be test thoroughly to ensure that they are safe and free of leakage. Stress testing and pressurized helium gas leak checking are the best ways to be sure that your water cooling chamber runs safely and efficiently.

For high vacuum chambers, the material most commonly used is a high grade 300-series stainless steel. This metal has some great properties that make it perfect for use in a vacuum. First and foremost, the steel is mechanically strong. It is able to withstand incredible forces and very low pressures when it is used correctly. Another great property of the metal is that is weldable. Many models of vacuum chambers are sealed not only by o-rings, but by welded metal.

Another desirable property of 300-series stainless steel is that it has a magnetic permeability that is very close to 1. Which means that it will almost never interfere with any magnetic fields. Besides that, the metal has a very high resistance to atmospheric corrosion, which goes a long way when you’re worried about durability.

Sometimes, when researchers will be operating in the HV Torr range, perhaps for a large simulation chamber, they may choose to produce the chamber using a mild steel. This is most often done because it is a cost effective option when compared to 300-series steel such as 316L. However, there are several problems associated with mild steel. The first being that it does not have the desirable magnetic permeability of stainless steel. Besides that it does not carry the corrosion resistance or out-gassing properties.

If the researchers desire to control a magnetic force inside of the vacuum from outside of the chamber, different kinds of aluminum may be a good option.

If you are concerned with preventing external fields from entering a vacuum chamber, mu-metal is a good material.

Vacuum chambers are required to avoid contamination of samples in many disparate kinds of spectroscopy and for thin film depositions. Most vacuum chambers are fabricated in aluminum because it is nonmagnetic and so it allow to controll magnetic fields from outside the chamber.
Aluminum is a good choice also because compared to other types of metals, it absorbs minor water and trace gases.

UHV (Ultra high vacuum) means having pressures lower than about 10-13 atmosphere.
Vacuum chambers can be really useful: even at 10-10 atmosphere, it takes only 1 second to cover a surface with a contaminant.

For more info about it click here and read the wikipedia complete description.