This post was modified to be sponsored by Technorati: 3NHJA4G92CD8

The so called UHV, is a kind of vacuum characterized by pressures lower than approximately 10−7 pascal or 100 nanopascals (10−9 mbar, ~10−9 torr). UHV needs to be constructed with uncommon materials, and the entire system require to be baked to eliminate water and some other trace gases that adsorb on the chamber’s surfaces.

Achieve an Ultra High Vacuum is not something real easy, you would seriously consider to talk to a specialist in this field, they are a perfect solution for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Gravitational wave detectors, Thermal desorption spectroscopy, Particle accelerators, Scanning tunneling microscopy, etc…
Of course in a ultra high vacuum you can’t use only one pump, but you will need a series of various vacuum pumps.
The vacuum pumps most used to reach UHV include the Cryopumps, the Ion pumps, the Turbomolecular pumps, the NEG pumps and the Titanium sublimation pumps.

Most of the time, when you search a UVC with the characteristic that you need, you won’t find it! I know it can sound crazy but everyone have its own needing and of course the manufacturers can’t build thousands of different vacuum chambers and ultra high vacuum without being sure they gonna sell them, so they just build vacuum with standard measures (and when I say vacuum I mean also thermal vacuum, vacuum pumps, etc..).
However a solution to this problem is available just right here: Custom Chambers!
Nowadays infact is possible to order a UHV that suit us best with the characteristic we want and we need. Of course I recommend you to always look around first, expecially online, because a custom chambers is yes a good idea but sometimes it can reveal expensive; thank God there are the “Free Quote” modules in almost every manufacturers website (and in this case I suggest you to ask a free quote to at least 4-5 different manufacturers).
As far as I know, some of the best UHV are produced by Huntington Mechanical Laboratories, an American based company.

Today while I was surfing on Google, I found a very interesting article that contains the Timeline of Vacuum Chamber Development. I found it a great idea, a content that this blog can’t really miss!
So lets start saying that the first real vacuum was accomplished in 1643 and, as said previously in my vacuum pump article, the first vacuum pump followed in 1650.

As “flight” started growing early in the 1900s, aeronautical researchers started setting up engines in vacuum test chambers to reproduce higher altitudes.
As the country commenced to send spacecrafts into space, the necessity of test chambers able to produce a higher level of vacuum was evident.
The Space Power Chamber No. 1 (SPC) was one of the firsts large vacuum chambers that appeared early in the 1960s. The largest vacuum chamber in the world is the Space Power Facility at NASA’s Plum Brook Station, which began operation in 1969.
Here is the “Vacuum Chamber Development Timeline”:

1917: First test in altitude chamber at the Bureau of Standards for the NACA; High-altitude test bench at Zeppelin Aircraft Works plant in Friedrichshafen
1918: U.S. School of Aviation Medicine altitude tank
1933: National Bureau of Standards tests appliances in a high-altitude chamber
1938: MIT Wright Brothers Wind Tunnel simulates altitude
1944: AWT begins operation at NACA Lewis
1947: Four Burner altitude test stands built at NACA Lewis
1952: Propulsion Systems Laboratory with two altitude test cells for engines
1959: Interior of AWT gutted to form high-altitude chamber
1960: McDonnell space environment chamber built for Mercury
1961: Electric Propulsion Laboratory vacuum tanks built at NASA Lewis Republic Aviation Space Simulation Facility
1962: SPC No. 1 vacuum chamber built inside AWT; Goddard Space Environment Simulator; Lockheed’s High Vacuum Orbital Simulator; Bendix Corporation’s Space Simulation Chamber; General Electric Space Environment Simulator; 25-Foot Space Environment Facility at Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1963: Mark I Aerospace Simulator at Arnold Engine Development Center
1965: Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at Johnson Space Center
1969: Space Propulsion Facility at Plum Brook tests rocket engines in vacuum; Space Power Facility at Plum Brook is world’s largest vacuum chamber

For further references visit the official Nasa Student website.

Vacuum pumps interact with chambers and operative procedures into a deep range of vacuum systems.
Sometimes in an individual application are used more than one pump (in series or in parallel). A rough vacuum, called also partial vacuum, can be created utilizing a positive displacement pump that carries a gas load from an inlet port to an outlet port; of course they have some limitatios so they can only reach a low vacuum.

To reach a high vacuum you can use different techniques, such as the use of an oil sealed rotary vane pump backing a diffusion pump, or a dry scroll pump backing a turbomolecular pump.
It is a difficult process, as all of the materials exhibited to the vacuum must be cautiously valued for their outgassing and vapor pressure specifications.
Frequently, the surfaces exhibited to the vacuum must be baked at really high temperature to dispel adsorbed gases.
High vacuum systems usually necessitate metal chambers with metal gasket seals.

The system have to be uninfected and with no organic matter to reduce outgassing. Some materials that can work good in low vacuums, can be the cause of outgassing at higher vacuums.

As previously said, you can utilize different kinds of pumps in sequence or in parallel. In a regular pumpdown sequence, a positive displacement pump is used to get rid of most of the gas contained in a chamber, starting from atmosphere (760 Torr, 101 kPa) to 25 Torr (3 kPa). Then the use of a sorption pump can bring the pressure down to 10−4 Torr (10 mPa), and the use of a cryopump or turbomolecular pump can bring the pressure further down to 10−8 Torr (1 µPa). Is also possible to start an extra ion pump below 10−6 Torr to get rid of gases which are not sufficiently handled by a cryopump or turbo pump.

There is also the ultra high vacuum that need a custom-built equipment, rigorous operational procedures, and a fair amount of trial-and-error.
Ultra-high vacuum systems are often made of stainless steel with metal-gasketed conflat flanges and are often baked under vacuum to increase temporarily the vapour pressure of all outgassing materials and boil them off. After that the outgassing materials are boiled off and evacuated, the system may be cooled to lower vapour pressures to reduce residual outgassing during actual operation.

The impact of molecular size is also a factor to consider. Smaller molecules can leak in more easily and are more well assimilated by determinate materials, and molecular pumps are less efficacious at pumping gases with lower molecular weights.

The Vacuum Pump was invented by Otto von Guericke, who was a German scientist, inventor, and politician in 1650. Of course his Vacuum Pump was very primitive compared to the ones we use today: Onno’s Pump consisted of a piston and an air gun cylinder with two-way flaps designated to pull air out of any vessel it was linked to.
It is a device that get rid of gas molecules out of a sealed volume in order to leave behind a partial vacuum.
Vacuum pumps are today used in many processes, both industrial and scientific, and some of these include: Electron microscopy, Hard coating for engine, Sewage systems, Vacuum engineering, Air conditioning service and Medical applications like Radiotherapy, Radiosurgery and Radiopharmacy.
Depending from the usage, you can use different kinds of vacuum pumps in sequence or in parallel.
If you are not sure which type of Vacuum Pupm you need, first of all think for which application you want to use it (aspiration, centrifugal concentration, rotary evaporation, filtration, vacuum oven, reactors, etc..); then if you worry about the deep, remember that the deepest level achievable by a vacuum pump is idicate with the term “Ultimate vacuum”, so if you find one that has an ultimate vacuum of 60mbar it means that is capable of vacuum levels between atmospheric pressure and 60mbar.
About the flow rate required (the volume of gas/vapor it can move per unit of time), remember that is determined by a number of different factors, including the system leakage, time requirements, application’s vapor volume.

If you are looking for good Vacuum Pump Deals, you will probably find the best price online, and I suggest you to always visit not only the official brand website, but also online store that have different brand, because they often offer good discounts.
There are also a couple of tutorials online about how to make a vacuum pump at home, but I don’t suggest you to try doing it until you are not familiar with this kind of stuff and remember to always operate in completely safe enviroments.

The Thermal Vacuum Chambers are also called TVC, and are a type of Vacuum Chamber in which the radiative thermal environment is controlled.
Thermal vacuum chambers are mostly used for testing spacecraft or for simulate a space environment.
To either end of the thermal shround, we can find the solar absorption end plates which should help reduce the transfering of unwanted radiant energy.

Tipical Characteristics of a Thermal Vacuum Chambers

• Thermal Vacuum chambers are constructed from 304 stainless steel
• The range in size goes from Ø45″ x 50″ long up to Ø52″ x 72″ long
• Fluid circulation thermally controlled Aluminum tooling plates range in size from 36″ x 42″ up to 42″ x 68″.
• A thermal shroud, that control the temperature during a space simulation, uses fluid circulation to achieve temperatures ranging from -60°C to +120°C.
• Conventional fluid circulation systems will expose the shroud to a thermal cycle ranging from -60°C to +120°C without use of liquid nitrogen.  However with minimal modification the thermal shroud may be used with a liquid nitrogen system to achieve cryogenic temperatures.
• The conventional fluid circulation systems expose the shroud to a thermal cycle ranging from -60°C to +120°C without using nitrogen liquid. Its possible, however, do a couple of modification to the thermal shroud so it could be used with a liquid nitrogen system to achieve cryogenic temperatures.

If you are interested in buying a Thermal Vacuum Chamber I suggest you to look at Amazon or reliable industries; dont buy this products if you see they are coming from China or other South East countries. Our website give you some sponsored and related Ads, feel free to visit them, you can probably find the Thermal vacuum you are looking for and for a low price.

Osworld scientific equipments pvt ltd is offering photostability chamber with temperature control, model jric – 11b.

This is specially designed and developed to meet ich and fda requirements for photo stability testing. This photostability chamber can carry out uv and visible light testing simultaneously.

This photostability vacuum chamber double walled having effective insulation in between. It has key lockable outer door and inner glass viewing door.
The photostability chamber is having cfc free compressor, which incorporates r 134a eco friendly refrigerant to achieve efficient cooling. It consists of flange motor with impeller / blower for effective air circulation.

The photostability is stuffed with several safety features including high temperature safety cut off, ,electrical overload cutoff relay for compressor, time delay for compressor switch on and electrical circuit breaker.

Other key features of this photostability chamber are as follows:

• Calibrated photon detectors measure lamp intensity on the product shelf.
• Lamp intensity and exposure level are displayed by digital light meter.
• Microprocessor based pid control
• Direct capacitance type rh sensor
• Fitted with castor wheels
• Provided with ss wire mesh heavy duty trays
• Operates on 230v / 15a / 50 hz
• Digital led 3 digit display Temperature sensor: pt – 100
• Fluorescent light with door switch for chamber illumination

Suppliers Name: Osworld Scientific Equipments Pvt Ltd.
Telephone No.: 91-22-28320880

The vacuum chamber Maxmium Inlet Pressures uses gases natural, mixed liquefied petroleum or LP gas-air mixture.
The two series of the product Maxmium Inlet Pressures is available: RZ models 1 psi [68 mbar] and 210Z models 5 psi [340 mbar].

Both the RZ and 210Z vacuum chambers series of the Maxmium Inlet Pressures are adaptable for air-gas mixing applications. They may be used for outlet pressures close to atmospheric, from slightly above to slightly below [- 1.0" to 1.5" w.C.; -2.5 mbar to 3.75 mbar].

The Z models of the Maxmium Inlet Pressures have a balanced valve construction and offer performance at an economic price to other type atmospheric regulators. Convenient tap locations are provided on the 210Z models of the Maxmium Inlet Pressures for downstream sensing.

Maxmium Inlet Pressures Z model regulators are used to flow control of burners, nozzle, mixing tees, and proportional premixers.

Suppliers Name: Eclipse Combustion Pvt. Ltd.
Telephone No.: 91-20-27441991/92

There are many precautions that you or your research team must take when you are working with vacuum chambers. There are things that you need to keep in mind, especially when you are working with high heat. One way that you can avoid any problems caused by high heat applications is to use water cooling. Let’s take a moment to examine just what water cooling is and how it relates to vacuum chamber applications.

Water has been used for centuries to draw out heat from a source that is desired to be cooler. This is often done by running the water directly over the object or source. The heat energy is transferred from the source into the water. If the source is hot enough, it can cause the water to evaporate into steam. If the water is not evaporated, it can be cooled and used again.

In the case of vacuum chambers, high heat can certainly be a problem if it is not handled properly. If you are running a high heat operation, it may be best if you use a chamber which utilizes a ‘cold wall’. This can be achieved by using a chamber with double walls, in between the walls there would be a channel through which cooling water would run.

If you are performing actions which result in a lower heat, but you would still rather keep it under control, you can use what is called a water trace. A water trace is simply a channel welded to the external chamber surface. Often times this water trace only covers a small portion of the surface of the chamber. But they are often placed according to the highest points of heat output. Therefore, the pattern of the water trace can be such that maximum cooling efficiency is achieved.

Water vacuum chambers should also be test thoroughly to ensure that they are safe and free of leakage. Stress testing and pressurized helium gas leak checking are the best ways to be sure that your water cooling chamber runs safely and efficiently.

It seems like there are one million uses for glass bell jar vacuum chamber. But if you are worried about being cost effective in your research, you should strongly consider using glass bell jar as an alternative to the more expensive metal. Many institutions such a public schools and colleges all over the world have found this to be a suitable option. Let’s explore some precautions that you should take when using glass instead of metal and some accessories that you may want to purchase.

There are several precautions that you may want to take when you are using glass bell jars. The first is that glass does break (obviously). This means that you must take extra effort to care for your glass jar chamber. It also means that regular inspections of your chamber is necessary. If you see large bubbles, deep cracks or even thin cracks that are more than 1 inch long, then you should think about purchasing a new chamber.

Some accessories that you may want to purchase include glass bell jar guards and gaskets. The guard is a highly important safety precaution. If you are working with glass, sometimes eye protection is not enough. If the glass chamber were to break, your entire body may be hit with shards of sharp glass. A glass bell jar guard will protect you and those around you if this were ever to occur. Plus, the design of the guard will still allow you to see what is happening inside of the chamber.

If you are worried about a strong vacuum, you can enhance the strength of the low pressure environment by using a gasket. Gaskets are often inexpensive (as little as $35 for an 8 inch diameter model) and they will do a lot as far as ensuring that your vacuum chamber is strong.

Although there are several options available in the production of vacuum chambers, there are just a few materials that seem to be used over and over again. There are several reasons why these materials work the best and we’ll explore those reasons right now.

For high vacuum chambers, the material most commonly used is a high grade 300-series stainless steel. This metal has some great properties that make it perfect for use in a vacuum. First and foremost, the steel is mechanically strong. It is able to withstand incredible forces and very low pressures when it is used correctly. Another great property of the metal is that is weldable. Many models of vacuum chambers are sealed not only by o-rings, but by welded metal.

Another desirable property of 300-series stainless steel is that it has a magnetic permeability that is very close to 1. Which means that it will almost never interfere with any magnetic fields. Besides that, the metal has a very high resistance to atmospheric corrosion, which goes a long way when you’re worried about durability.

Sometimes, when researchers will be operating in the HV Torr range, perhaps for a large simulation chamber, they may choose to produce the chamber using a mild steel. This is most often done because it is a cost effective option when compared to 300-series steel such as 316L. However, there are several problems associated with mild steel. The first being that it does not have the desirable magnetic permeability of stainless steel. Besides that it does not carry the corrosion resistance or out-gassing properties.

If the researchers desire to control a magnetic force inside of the vacuum from outside of the chamber, different kinds of aluminum may be a good option. If you are concerned with preventing external fields from entering a vacuum chamber, mu-metal is a good material.